The Structure of Xylan

Xylan is a kind of poly pentose，the main chain of which is composed of several pyran xylose base connected by β-1, 4-xylose glycoside bond. And the side chain connects many different sizes of short substituents. Generally speaking，the substitute of arabinose residue in xylan will happen to C-2 or C-3 of some xylose residue, so it's also called Araboxylan. The substitute of araboxylan debases the acting force of the main chain's chemical bond，thereby make it bear water-solubility and slumpability. The higher degree of arabinose base substitutes in Araboxylan，the better its water-solubility will have. According to solubility, xylan can be divided into two main sorts, i.e., water-solubility xylan（occupies about 25% ~ 30%）and infusibility xylan（occupies about 70% ~ 75%）

Xylan is one of the foremost anti-nutritional factors in common use feedstuff raw materials

Xylan exists mostly in the secondary cell wall of vegetable cell，situates between lignose and other polysaccharide, acts as a connector. The amount of xylan contained in different plant varies. As we know, Xylan content in wheat and its by-product is very high, e.g., the xylan content in wheat bran is as high as 20 - 21%, which is the foremost anti-nutrition factor that affects the wheat materials' application in feedstuff. In fact, in our country, even in the most popular feed raw material i.e., corn meal, soybean meal, xylan is also the most important anti-nutrition factor. For instance, xylan content in corn is between 3.7 - 4.4%, occupies around 40% of cell wall overall composition, is the upmost anti-nutrition factor in corn. And the xylan content in soybean also reaches 6%. Besides，in other processing by-products such as rice bran, unconventional material, the content of xylan is even higher. So, xylan is universally existing in all kinds of feed raw materials，is one of the foremost anti-nutritional factors in feedstuff

The xylan content in common use of vegetal feedstuff materials

Remarks：t denotes minim，- denotes temporarily no relating data.

The data source：Dierick & Decuypere (1994); NRC (1998); Partridge (1999); CVB(1999); Yin et al. (2000); Creswell (2002).

The Anti-nutritional Effects of Xylan

Increases Chyme Viscosity in Intestinal Tract, and Impact Animal's Digestion & Absorption Function.Monogastric animals themselves are incapable of secreting enzymes which decompounded xylan. While animal makes a meal of feed containing high ratio of water-solubility xylan, dissolubility xylan in animal intestinal tract forms stickum，and increase viscosity of the contents in intestinal tract. The increased viscosity will reduce the passing speed of chyme through intestinal tract, then leads to a decrease of feed intake, disturbs the mixing between the digestive juice and the substrate，postpone the digestion of digestive enzyme to the substrate. At the same time, it also reduces the diffusion velocity of nutrient substance in chyme in intestinal tract, and disturbs the absorption of nourishment

Impacts Endogenous  Enzyme Activity in Alimentary Tract

Xylan can make direct complexation with intestinal tract trypsin and lipase, reduce their activity, stimulate animal to compensatively secrete too much digestive juice, consequently leads to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of animal pancreas and liver, and increases the loss of endogenetic nitrogen.

Impacts the Digestion and Absorption of Fat

In intestinal tract, xylan can form reticulation with one another, cut the diffusivity of feed, prohibit incorporation between fat and bile salt, and make them can not form fatty mote，then restrains the digestion and absorption of fat.

Accelerates Proliferation of Harmful Microbial in Intestinal Tract, Impacts Animal Health

The increase of intestinal tract viscosity leads to an accumulation of nutrient substance in intestinal tract, and forms chyme containing rich nutrient substance, in which microbes ferment，then injure the normal structure and function of intestinal tract mucous membrane. For poultry, humid feces is prone to adhere around cloacae, pollute the fowls and  their eggs, and provide the microbe with location of proliferation, thereby substantive ammonia gas is produced，and can cause the proliferation of fungal spore as well，which will do harm to poultry health.

Effect of Physical Barrier, Impact Nutrient Digestion.

As the major composition of cell wall，xylan besieges nutrient substance，cutting down the nutrient utilization ratio  in feedstuff .

The Xylanase and Its Effect Mechanism

Xylanase is a group of compound enzymatic system which can degrade xylan into oligosaccharide and xylose. To do that, theβ-1,4-xylanohydrolase (1,4-β-D-xylanohydrolase: EC 3.1.2.8) is making the major effect. It acts on xylose bond randomly in the main chain, primarily selects non- substituting zone，decomposes xylan into xylo-oligosaccharides（xylo-disaccharide、xylo-trisaccharide and so on），so it is also called endo-xylanase; Whileβ-xylan xylohydrolase (1,4-β-D-xylan xylohydrolase: EC3.2.1.37) reacts on the bottom of oligosaccharides，releasing  xyloses. Andα-L- arabinofuranosidase, α-D- glucuronidase hydrolyze xylan's branched chains which bring different substituting group.

The Application Purpose of Xylanase and the Efficacy of Its Enzymolysis Products

The purpose of using xylanase in feed industry is to eliminate the anti-nutritional function of xylan, instead of decomposing it into monosaccharides thoroughly. Wherefore, only the endo-xylanase has practical application value. The decomposition products of endo-xylanase, i.e., xylo-disaccharide, xylo-trisaccharide and other xylo-oligomerizationses，not only have no anti-nutritional function，but are the most efficient bifidus factors for the time being also, which is able to regulate the microscopic ecosystem of animal intestinal tract, keep animal healthy. If in xylanase preparation the β-xylobiase content is too high, which will further decompose xylo-disaccharide, xylo-trisaccharide and other oligomerization xylose into xylose, then the function of  microscopic ecosystem regulating will lose. Wherefore, the xylanase preparation used in feed industry should contain little β-xylobiase and other exo-xylanase.

The Problems Which YIDUOLI Xylanase Can Solve

u       Degrades xylan，reduces intestinal tract chyme viscosity, destroys the structure of vegetable cell wall，eliminates its anti-nutritional function，ameliorates animal productive performance;

u       Increases metabolizable energy of feedstuff，promotes absorption and utilization of nourishment, enhances profita-bility of feed manufacturers and farming enterprises；

u       Eliminates the restraining function of xylan to endogenesis enzyme, prevents the peptic from compensatory hypertrophy；

u       Produces plenty of functionality oligosaccharide（xylo-disaccharide, xylo-trisaccharide and so on），which can improve animal intestinal tract microscopic ecosystem，and benefit animal health；

u       Reduces the quality difference of feed product caused by feedstuff raw material quality variation，stabilizes product quality，and decrease customers' complaints；

u       Widens the range of raw materials used in feed，increase unconventionality raw material percentage used in feed manufacturing, such as bran, wheat shorts, rice bran and so on, consequently reduces formula cost of feed 

u       Increases absorption and utilization of nutrient substance，reduces feces excreted to protect environment; at the same time decreases stimulation of noxious gas produced by decompounding organic substance to livestock and poultry，and decreases the occurrence of respiratory diseases.

The Advantage of Yiduozyme X Series Xylanase Products

n        International advanced gene engineering strain is adopted in production, through liquid submerged fermentation，producing higher enzyme activity with better quality cost ratio；

n        As a kind of single endo-xylanase，not including β-xylosidase and other exo-xylanases，it is more suitable to be used in feed industry；

n        The adaptability in environment of animal alimentary tract has been sufficiently considered in the gene engineering bacterium designing, so the products have wider effective PH value range with strong resistibility to stomach acid and digestive enzyme；

n       Being insensitive to most of the depressors existing in the feedstuff material and animal intestines, the products have stable and reliable application effects；

n         A special aftertreatment technique has been adopted which would highly increase the store stability of liquid preparation；

n         With all-sided preparation technique，besides powder，the granular and liquid preparation can meet the demands of different kinds of customers.

Typing of Products and Their Applying Objects

The definition of enzyme activity unit：under the condition of 37℃，pH 5.5，the amount of enzyme needed to degrade from the xylanse  solution of 5 mg/ml concentration and release 1μmol of reducing sugar in 1 minute is one enzyme activity unit (U).

In different disposal time under 85℃，the remaining relative activity contrast between granular and powder xylanase

Under different temperature of disposal for 10 minutes，the remaining relative activity contrast between granular and powder xylanase

The granular xylanase and premix coexist for different time，its remaining relative activity

. The contrast of activity variance quotient between granular and market sales powder xylanase in different granularity of different products

The Preparation Advantage of Granular Product

n         Higher heat endurance，the destruction to granular enzyme activity by high temperature and high humidity during pelleting is much lower than that to powder product，make it more suitable for using in pellet feed；

n         Granular uniformity is better，make enzyme activity to be distributed evenly；

n         The fluidity is better，make it easier to be mixed evenly inthe feed；

n         Strong resistibility, make it unsusceptible to component such as microelement, choline, acidifier，without any formula incompatibility，more suitable for using in the premix feed and concentrated feed；

n         Without any powder loss, the formula can be executed well and truly, and avoid any hypersusceptibility may be caused by enzyme powder to the producing worker.

The Preparation Advantage of Liquid Product

n         Using a special equipment to make the spray after pelleting，can completely avoid the different kinds of disadvantage factors like high temperature which will destroy enzyme activity in feed processing, so no excess adding is needed, consequently lower the cost.

n         Having avoided any high temperature process, make the actual adding amount to be in accord with the dosage required by the formula，guarantee the exact and dependable executing of the formula.

n         No step by step premixing is needed, so can decrease production processes and decrease the error rate of manual operation.

n         Adding after pelleting or expanding process, make it possible to add the product freely according to different customers' demands, consequently some individualized requirement of the user can be satisfied.

n         Imported advanced spraying equipment with precise computation to execute even spray，lowers the powder rate.

Suggested Dosage

Using Method

l   For infancy animal, combine with digestive enzyme to achieve better effect；

l  For unconventional meal diet, combine with other relative anti-nutrition factors  decomposing enzyme to achieve better effect；

l  The additive dosage for concentrated feed and premix feed to be calculated according to the proportion it occupies in the content of complete feed；

l Using of X-L1001 and X-L1002 need special spray equipment to spray the products to the pellet feed after pelleting. For detailed using method please refer to spray equipment operation guide；

l  For the proportioning of combining with other enzymes, please contact our technical service personnel for professional suggestion.

Storage and Shelf Life

1.       Shelf life for powder and granular products under normal temperature is 12 months;

2.       Shelf life for liquid product in the cold room( 2－8℃)is 12 months；

Shelf life in the cool place（under 25℃）is 6 months；

Suggest storage in the temperature no higher than 25℃.

Precautions

l         For the additive dosage of these products is rather small, please make sure to mix evenly in using.

l         Avoid inhaling excessive amount to human respiratory tract in using.

l         Keep away from any poisonous or noxious matters in transportation and storage.